Amazonic Fruits Co.

86 páginas y anexosEl plan de negocios inicia en el departamento del Putumayo, dentro de la gran biodiversidad existe una especie en particular una palmera cuyo fruto se comercializa mundialmente bajo el nombre de "asaí": Euterpe precatoria, que corresponde al asaí (soltero) y Euterpe oleracea (asaí de hijuelos), que se distribuye naturalmente en los bosques de la Amazonía nororiental. El "asaí" ha sido catalogado entre los "diez súper alimentos de! planeta" contiene un alto nivel protefnas, fibras y minerales. Es capaz de reducir el apetito de manera natural, controla el colesterol y los problemas de la próstata, eleva niveles de antioxidantes y rejuvenece la piel, aporta energía y ayuda al sistema cardiovascular. Nuestro negocio consiste en el recibo, transformación y comercialización del fruto de asaí en distintas presentaciones, en pulpa de fruta y en fruta liofilizada. Contamos en nuestra planta con cuatro procesos, procesamiento de pulpa de fruta, tamizado y lavado, máquinas despulpadoras y pasteurización y empacado. La planta estará en el municipio de Puerto Asís con comercialización en las ciudades de Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Medellín y Barranquilla. Así mismo nos concentraremos en obtener todas las licencias necesarias para llevar nuestros productos fuera del país especialmente a México, Norteamérica y Europa.The business plan starts in the department of Putumayo, within the great biodiversity there is a species in particular: a palm whose fruit is sold worldwide under the name of "asai": Euterpe precatoria, which corresponds to the asai (single) and Euterpe oleracea (asai de hijuelos), which is naturally distributed in the forests of the northeastern Amazon. The "asai" has been listed among the "ten super foods of the planet" contains a high level of proteins, proteins and minerals. It is able to reduce appetite naturally, controls cholesterol and prostate problems, increases antioxidant levels and rejuvenates the skin, provides energy and helps the cardiovascular system. Our business consists in the receipt, transformation and commercialization of the fruit of asai in presentations, in fruit pulp and in lyophilized fruit. We have four processes in our plant, processing fruit pulp, sifting and washing, pulping and pasteurization and packaging machines. The plant wili be in the municipality of Puerto Asis with the cities of Bogota, Bucaramanga, Medellin and Barranquilla. We also concentrate on all the necessary licenses to take our products out of the country, especially in Mexico, North America and Europe.Especialista en GerenciaEspecializació

Frugivory by a stingless bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Frugivory is not frequent among bees. Although stingless bees visit aged fruits for pulp, the use of fresh fruits is recorded only for Trigona hypogea Silvestri, a species that does not visit flowers. Here we report the occurrence of frugivory in Trigona amazonensis (Ducke), a flowervisiting stingless bee

Sensory analysis and consumers studies of açai beverage after thermal, chlorine and ozone treatments of the fruits.

Açai is a fruit of the Amazon region consumed as beverage, pulp, and other products, being exported to many countries because of its peculiar characteristic flavor and antioxidant power potential. For Açai there is still a need for improving sanitizing processes, making it more effective, reducing the microbiological contamination without affecting either the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of final product. Thermal (blanching at 80 and 90C) and nonthermal treatments (150 mg/L-1 chlorination and 4 mg/L-1 aqueous ozonation) were applied to fruits in order to evaluated their anthocyanins content and also processed beverages for coloring, sensory characteristics, and their purchase intentions. Ozonated fruits exhibited less anthocyanins content and beverage originated from this process showed higher color difference from the traditional beverage. Consumers could not distinguish among beverages processed thermally and sanitized by chlorination. Beverage from blanched fruits in both temperatures obtained good notes and positive purchase intention

Capillary Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectromety (CGC-MS) Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic and Components of Guarana and Derivatives

The GC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds present in guarana (Paullinia cupana), an important product of the Amazonian forest consumed in supplements or in soft drinks has been the subject of study. The therapeutic properties and possible protective effects reported for guarana and derivative products could be associated with the antioxidant activity of their phenolics content. The purpose of this study is i) to provide molecular structural information about the composition of guarana in phenolics; ii) to ascertain the effect of solvent type on the extraction procedure; and iii) to determine the antioxidant activity of powders, pericarp, pulp seeds, capsules and bar from Paullinia cupana, as oxygen radical absorbance capacity with fluorescein (ORACFL). Three more phenolic compounds, Quercetin, (+)-Catechin and (-)-Epicatechin have been identified in this report as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The amount of total phenolics found in plant materials containing guarana varied from 25.10 to 124.99 mg of gallic acid/g dry sample whereas that the antioxidant activity ranged from 441.5 to 1468.3 μmol TEAC/g dry sample. A high correlation was found between the estimated phenolic contents and the TEAC values (r = 0.937, P < 0.01) for all the types of guarana samples tested

Progression of the Total and Individual Capsaicinoids Content in the Fruits of Three Different Cultivars of Capsicum chinense Jacq.

The evolution of individual and total capsaicinoids content in three pepper varieties of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (‘Bode’ (B), ‘Habanero’ (H), and ‘Habanero Roxo’ (Hr)) during fruit ripening was studied. The five major capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin) were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction and the extracts were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UHPLC-Fl). The plants were grown in a glasshouse and sampled every 7 days until over-ripening. As expected, the results indicated that the total capsaicinoids content increases during the ripening of pepper fruits. The maximum contents of capsaicinoids were reached at different fruit development stages depending on the cultivar. The ‘Habanero Roxo’ pepper presented the greatest total capsaicinoids content (3.86 mg g1 fresh weigh, F.W.), followed by the ‘Habanero’ pepper (1.33 mg g1 F.W.) and ‘Bode’ pepper (1.00 mg g1 F.W.). In all the samples, capsaicin represented more than 80% of the total capsaicinoids content. Due to the high variability observed in the evolution of capsaicinoids content over the ripening process, this work intends to contribute to the existing knowledge on this aspect in relation to the quality of peppers

Extracción convencional de oleorresina de pimentón dulce y picante II. Peligros y puntos de control crítico y requerimientos comerciales

This paper reviews the hazards analysis and critical control points (HACCP) for the conventional extraction of paprika oleoresin, a product with potential to be produced in Africa and South America. These points include the toxicological, fire and explosion risks of the solvents, the temperature for miscella stripping, the risk of oxidations, isomerization and contaminant concentration in the oleoresin. Legal regulations in US and EU are also discussed, as well as some technical requirements and commercial and demand characteristics of the oleoresin.Se revisan los principales peligros y puntos de control crítico del proceso de extracción convencional por disolventes de la oleorresina de pimentón, un producto con potencial para ser producido en África e Iberoamérica. Entre estos puntos se incluyen entre otros el riesgo toxicológico, de incendio y explosión de los disolventes o su descomposición, la formación de finos, la temperatura de desolventización de la miscela, o el riesgo de oxidaciones, isomerizaciones y concentración de contaminantes en la oleorresina. Los condicionantes técnicos derivados de la legislación americana y europea son también discutidos, así como los condicionantes técnicos y características comerciales y de la demanda del producto en la actualidad

Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in Myrcia DC. sensu lato (Myrtaceae), with emphasis on the Guianensis clade

Orientadores: Renato Goldenberg, Evelyne Jill LucasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Myrcia s.l. é um grande grupo exclusivamente neotropical (ca. 750 espécies) que inclui em sua circunscrição os tradicionais gêneros Myrcia, Marlierea e Calyptranthes. Estudos filogenéticos recentes baseados em dados moleculares mostram estes três gêneros para- ou polifiléticos em relação uns aos outros e, desta forma, a sinonimização de Marlierea e Calyptranthes sob Myrcia é necessária para o reconhecimento de um grupo monofilético. Mrycia s.l. tem sido dividido em nove clados que servem de base para uma futura classificação sub-genérica formal, e um destes clados é o principal foco dos estudos filogenéticos e taxonômicos apresentados nesta tese. Como base para os estudos filogenéticos, uma lista incluindo 36 possíveis espécies pertencentes ao clado Guianensis foi construída. Destas espécies, 26 foram amostradas. Os estudos filogenéticos foram realizados a partir de sequências de cloroplasto e núcleo obtidas através de técnicas modernas de next-generation sequencing (sequenciamento de nova geração) e também a partir de sequências específicas (ITS, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, trnQ-rpl16, ndhF) obtidas por técnicas clássicas de sequenciamento de Sanger, e análises de Máxima Verossimilhança e Bayesiana foram empregadas. As relações específicas dentro do clado Guianensis e as relações entre este e os outros clados de Myrcia s.l. são discutidas em relação aos aspectos geográficos e morfológicos. De acordo com os dados moleculares, sete espécies da lista preliminar não pertencem ao clado Guianensis e uma caracterização morfológica precisa do grupo é apresentada. O grupo é composto por 29 espécies, sendo que 3 destas são novas para a ciência. As características diagnósticas mais importantes são a panícula triangular e simétrica, o hipanto glabro elevado acima do ovário, o disco estaminal glabro e o ovário 3-locular. O grupo tem ampla distribuição, desde o Caribe até o sul do Brasil e Paraguai, com centros de distribuição no Cerrado e Mata Atlântica brasileiros. Baseada nesta delimitação do grupo, uma completa revisão taxonômica e nomenclatural das 29 espécies é apresentada, incluindo descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre morfologia, afinidades taxonômicas, fenologia, distribuição geográfica e status de conservação, e chave de identificação. Trinta e seis novos sinônimos foram propostos e 95 lectotipficações e cinco neotipificações foram feitas. Por último, uma nova espécie e notas taxonômicas em Myrcia seção Aulomyrcia (clado 9 de Myrcia s.l.) são apresentadas com descrições, ilustrações e comentáriosAbstract: Myrcia s.l. is a large exclusively Neotropical group (ca. 750 species) that includes the traditional genera Myrcia, Marlierea and Calyptranthes. Recent phylogenetic studies based on molecular data have shown these three genera para- or poly-phyletic in respect to each other and, consequently, the synonymization of Marlierea and Calyptranthes under Myrcia is necessary to recognize a monophyletic group. Myrcia s.l. has been divided in nine clades that are the basis for a future formal sub-generic classification, and one of these clades is the main focus of the phylogenetic and taxonomic studies presented herein. As a basis for the phylogenetic studies, a list of 36 species inferred to belong to the Guianensis clade was built. Twenty-six of which were sampled for molecular purposes. The phylogenetic studies were carried out with plastid and nuclear sequences obtained from modern techniques of next-generation sequencing, and also with target DNA sequences (ITS, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, trnQ-rpl16, ndhF) obtained from the classical Sanger sequencing. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses were employed. Specific relationships inside the Guianensis clade and relationships between this and other Myrcia s.l. clades are discussed in light of geography and morphology. According to the molecular data, seven species of the preliminary list do not belong to the Guianensis clade and a precise morphological circumscription is presented for the group. The Guianensis clade comprises 29 species, three of which are new to science. The main diagnostic characters are the symmetrical and triangular panicle, the glabrous hypanthium prolonged beyond the ovary, the glabrous staminal ring and the 3-locular ovary. The group has a wide geographic distribution, from Caribbean to southern Brazil and Paraguay, with distribution centers in the Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Based on the phylogenetic results, a complete taxonomic and nomenclatural revision is presented, including descriptions, illustrations, comments regarding morphology, taxonomic affinities, phenology, geographical distribution and conservation status, and identification key. Thirty-six new synonyms are proposed and 95 lectotypifications and five neotypifications are made. Lastly, a new species and taxonomic notes of Myrcia section Aulomyrcia (clade 9 of Myrcia s.l.) are presentedDoutoradoBiologia VegetalDoutora em Biologia Vegeta

Content of Capsaicinoids and Capsiate in “Filius” Pepper Varieties as A ected by Ripening

Peppers are fruits with wide genetic variability and multiple ways of being consumed that hold a relevant position in the human diet. Nowadays, consumers are interested in new gastronomic experiences provided by pepper cultivars that present new shapes, colors, and flavors while preserving their bioactive compounds, such as their capsaicinoids and capsinoids. However, numerous changes take place during their development that may alter their biological properties. Therefore, this work evaluates the capsaicinoid and capsiate contents in two traditional varieties of ornamental peppers ("Filius Blue" and "Filius Green'") during fruit maturation. The aim is to determine the ideal harvesting moment depending on the farmer's objective (e.g., achieving a specific color, shape, or flavor; achieving the maximum concentrations of bioactive compounds). The capsaicinoid contents followed different patterns in the two varieties analyzed. The "Filius Blue" variety exhibited increasing concentrations of capsaicinoids up to the 41st day post-anthesis (dpa), from which point on this trend was reversed. The concentrations in the "Filius Green" variety increased and decreased several times, reaching maximum concentrations on the 69th dpa. Regarding capsiate contents, both varieties varied in the same way, reaching maximum concentrations on the 34th dpa and then decreasing

The traditional knowledge on stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponina) used by the Enawene-Nawe tribe in western Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This paper presents the Enawene-Nawe Society's traditional knowledge about stingless bees. The Enawene-Nawe are an Aruak speaking people, indigenous to the Meridian Amazon. Specifically, they live in the Jurema River hydrological basin, located in the northwestern region of the Mato Grosso state.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The stingless bees were sampled from two ecologically similar regions in the interior of Enawene-Nawe Land. The first sampling took place around the village, i.e., adjacent to houses, by the edge of the Iquê River, next to food leftovers, around human excrement, and simply when the insects were found flying or reposing on a human body. The second round of sampling happened from 29/10 to 02/11/94, during an expedition for honey collection that took place throughout the ciliar bushes of the Papagaio River, an important tributary of Juruena River. We sampled bees adjacent to their nests following the beehive inspection or during the honey extraction.</p> <p>In this work, the main bee species of the sub tribe Meliponina, which were handled by the Enawene-Nawe, was identified, and a brief ethnographic description of the honey collection expeditions and its social-cosmologic meaning for the group was done.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Similar to other indigenous people in Brazil, the Enawene-Nawe recognized 48 stingless bee species. They identified each bee species by name and specified each one's ecological niche. A brief ethnographic description of the honey collection expeditions and bees' social-cosmologic meaning for the group is included.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We concluded that, as an example of other indigenous people, the Enawene-Nawe classify and identify the bees based not only on their structure and morphological aspects but also on the ecological, etiological, and social characteristics of the species.</p